很多时候，一个单词的基本含义，并不足以表达它在句中的具体意思，因为要考虑到语境。以下单词是初中常用词，而他的意思也因具体语境而发生莫大的变化……你熟识他们吗？
高中英语“熟词生义”单词学习一览表
序号
单 词
熟 义
生 义
学 习 要 点
1
across
横过; 越过
1.到、在对面
（adv/prep）
He lives across the street.他住在街对面。
the house across the street 街道对面的房子
2.宽（adv）
The river is 50 meters across.河宽50米。
The tree measures 50 cm across.
2
add
增加，加起来
接着说,
补充说
I should like to add that we are pleased with the test result.我还要补充说一下,我们对测试结果表示满意。
3
address
地址；住址(n)
1.演说; 正式讲演
an address of welcome欢迎词
2.对...讲演或发表演说(vt)
address a meeting向大会发表演说
address the whole nation 向全国发表演说
addressed me in low tones.低声与我交谈
3.称呼；用特殊的头衔称呼
How shall I address you? 我应当怎样称呼您呢?
Don't address me as ‘boss’.不要叫我“老板”。
4.写姓名地址(vt)
address the letter /envelope 在信上写地址
The envelope is addressed to Jack Johnson, Esq.信封上写着杰克·约翰逊先生收。
4
admit
承认
1.准许进入
This ticket admits two people to the football match.
这张票可供两人入场看足球赛。
be admitted to /into Beijing University被北京大学录取
2.接[容]纳；容许
The cinema admits about 2000 people.这座电影院大约可坐 2000 人。The rules and regulations admit of no other explanation.这些规章制度不容许有其他解释。
His illness admits of no delay.他的病不容拖延。
5
afford
担负得起费用
抽得出(时间)
He can't afford an hour for lunch.I can't afford three weeks away from work.我无法丢下工作三星期。
6
against
反对, 逆着, 倚靠着,
1.与…成对照
against a dark background 与黑色背景成对照;
The picture looks better against the light wall.这幅画挂在浅色的墙上显得更美。
2.防备；防御
against the cold 防冷against a rainy day 防备雨天
We are all taking medicine against the flu.我们都在服药预防流感。
be prepared against war and natural disasters备战备荒
7
air
空气,天空
1. 发表(意见等)
air one's views发表意见
使通风, 使通气
She aired the room by opening the window.
她打开窗子使房间通风。
8
allow
允许，准许
给予；使得到
allowed him ￡1000 for expenses
给他每年1000 英镑的开销
容许(of)
allow of no excuse不容辩解The situations allow of no excuse.形势不容许拖延; 形势刻不容缓。
考虑到;体谅;顾及(for)
We must allow for his youth.我们应当体谅他年轻。
酌留；预计
allow 10% for inflation 允许10%的通货膨胀
allow 15 minutes for delay 预留15分钟以防耽搁
9
alone
单独地, 独自地
[用在名词或代词之后]只有/唯有/仅仅
Smith alone knew what happened.只有史密斯知道发生了体育什么事。 The key alone will open the door.只有这把钥匙能开这个门。
10
attend
出席，参加
侍候，照应,与on/ upon 连用)
attend the very sick patients 照应重病人
attend on / upon a very sick man
处理、料理（+to）
attend to the problem
11
beat
连续击打,揍
击败,战胜（比赛中）
beat sb at the table tennis match
规律性地拍击
to beat a drum 击鼓
The heart beats. My pulse beats normally.我脉搏正常。
搅拌
to beat eggs 打鸡蛋
1.鼓(翼)
The bird beat its wings.鸟扑打翅膀。
12
beyond
超出.超过[表示范围,限度]
1.除…以外[常用于否定句和疑问句]
ask for nothing beyond peace and quiet.
除平安和平静外一无所求
晚于.迟于..., 到...以后
Don't stay there beyond midnight.
不要过了午夜还留在那儿。
在[向]...的那边,在...之外
The road is beyond that hill.路在山的那一边。
Just beyond the fence.就在篱笆那边
13
block
（大）块；（大）片；街区
1. 阻塞; 堵住,阻挡（vt）
The police have blocked the road.警察已封锁了道路。
block out light阻挡光线trees that block the view
2. 障碍物；阻塞(n)
a block in the pipes 管道阻塞
to put up a road block 设置路障
14
book
书
预定
You'll have to book up early.The secretary has booked the manager in at the Hilton Hotel.
15
build
建造, 建筑
体格；体型
We’re of the same build. 我们体型相同
a man of strong build体格健壮的人
16
business
商业, 买卖, 交易,生意,
商店,商行
He has a business in the town.他在城里有一家商店。
run / operate/ manage a business
营业
in business; on business
职责；本分
It's a teacher's business to make children learn.使学生学习是老师的责任。
事情, 事物
Mind your own business.It’s none of your business.
17
capital
首都, 首都的
1.资本；资金；
资方;
The Smith Company has a capital of ＄ 30.000.
史密斯公司有3万美元的资本。
2.大写字母；大写的
capital letters 大写字母Write your name in capitals.
18
charge
收费，索价(vt)
费用(n)
主管，负责
1.指控(v /n)
He was charged with stealing a car.
（charge sb. with sth ; 类似 accuse sb. of sth）
a charge of stealing 偷窃罪的指控
2.猛冲；攻击；
The boy charged into the room.男孩冲进屋里。
Suddenly the wild animal charged at us.突然那头野兽朝我们冲过来。Charge the enemy向敌人发起冲锋
3.充电、装(满), 装料
charge a gun with powder用火药填满炮
19
coin
硬币
1.造币；铸币
The government has decided to coin more one-yuan pieces. coin gold.铸造金币
2.杜撰设计（新单词或短语）
Do not coin terms that are intelligible to nobody.
不要生造谁也不懂的词语。
3.coin （adj.）投币式的（操作需要一块或多块金属币的）；自助式的
a coin washing machine.
投币洗衣机
20
collect
.收集
1.收（租， 税，帐等）；募（捐）
collect the electricity fee收取电费。collect taxes.收税collect (raise) money 募集资金
2.领取(信件等)；接走（人.物）
Today it is his turn to collect the children from school in the community.
今天该轮到他把孩子们从社区学校接回去。
3.使镇静；集中（思想等）
The old lady tried to collect her thoughts but she was too excited."老太太力图镇定下来,但是太激动了。"Before you begin to make a speech, you should collect your thoughts and ideas.在你开始讲话之前，你应当集中你的思想和意念。collect one's emotions.镇定情绪collect oneself心平气和， 平心静气， 镇定一下
21
company
公司,
1. 陪伴.伴侣
He kept me company.他陪伴我。
in the company of在...陪同下I had no company on the journey.我在旅行中没有同伴。
22
content
n.内容, 容量, 目录,满足（to one's heart's content心满意足）
adj.满足的,满意的, 愿意
1. 使…满意或满足vt.
Nothing contents her, she is always complaining.
没有什么能使她满意，她总是抱怨。
contented himself with one piece of cake.
（他）吃了一块蛋糕非常地满足
2.含量
the content of silver in a ton of ore
一吨矿砂中银的含量
23
corner
角落, (街道)拐角处,
把…难住；使走投无路
The dog cornered the rat.
狗把老鼠逼到一个角落。
24
count
数数, 计算
（count down
倒计时）
1.依靠，依赖(on)
You can count on my help.你可以依赖我的帮助
2. 认为；视为；看作
count it an honor (to do sth.) （把做某事）引以为荣
3.有价值；重要；有用
Every second counts.每一秒钟都很重要。
You really count with me.对我来说你确实很重要
25
cover
盖子, 封面
覆盖
1. 占（时间或空间）
The town covers 5 square miles.小镇占地5平方英里。
2. 走完（一段路程）
I want to cover 100 miles by dark.我想在天黑之前走完100英里
3. 采访（事件）
cover a fire for a newspaper 为报纸采访失火的新闻
4. 够付（费用）
足以抵补［补偿］
These expenses are covered by the state.这些费用都由国家负担。cover the loss弥补损失
5.包括；包含；论及
The review covered everything we learned last term.
这次复习包括上学期我们所学的全部课程。
6.看完(多少页书)
cover fifty pages in 15 minutes
26
crazy
疯狂的；精神错乱的；蠢的
着迷的；狂热的
She's crazy about dancing.她热衷于跳舞。
be crazy about [over]热衷于, 醉心于 ；爱上, 迷恋着
补充：like crazy [mad] [口]发疯似地; 拼命地; 猛烈地
They were running around like crazy.他们拚命地跑着
27
date
日期
起始于(某时期); 属于(某时期)
date back to / date from
男女之间的)约会;约会的对象;与…约会
She is my date.她跟我有约会。
have a date with sb./date with sb.
28
develop
发展, 形成，研制,开发
冲洗(胶片.相片等)
develop films /photos冲洗胶卷
29
draw
画图
吸引；拉；抽；
draw a curtain across a window 把窗帘拉上
draw a sword拔出刀
draw water from the well从井中把水抽出来draw a lesson吸取教训
draw 20dollars from the bank从银行提取20美元draw a conclusiondraw one's attention（to …）The street accident drew a big crowd.
The game was drawn.比赛打成了平
The teams draw.两队不分胜负。
The game ended in a draw.比赛不分胜负 (平局)
30
due
与to 连用
due to …
因为；由…引起；由于
1.预定到达
Their plane is due in 15 minutes.
预期的
他们的飞机预定在15分钟后到达
Your report is due tomorrow.你的报告应于明天交。
2.（票据等）到期的，应付给的
a bill due today 今天应付款的帐单
When is the rent due? 房租应于何时支付。
3.应有的，应得的，正当的
give due consideration to 给予应有的考虑
This great deal of money is due to you.
这一大笔款是你应得的。
31
employ
雇用
1. 使[采.利]用
employ force 使用武力
Why didn't you employ the new method?你们为什么不采用那个新方法呢?She employs her time wisely.她善于利用时间。（employ...as把...用作）
32
enter
进入; 加入；登录,
[计]回车
使进[加]入
enter (oneself[sb.]) for(替...)报名参加
写下或输入
We entered our names in the guest book.
我们在来客姓名薄上写下姓名；
enter the data into the computer.把数据输入电脑
33
equal
平等的；相等的；等于（vt）
1.胜任的
John is quite equal to the job of running the office.
约翰很能胜任主理这个办事处的工作。
2.比得上(vt)
None of us can equal her.没人比得上她。
34
exercise
练习；锻炼（v / n）
运用（权力等）(v / n)
exercise one’s right 运用自己的权利
exercise one’s intelligence to solve the problem。
运用智慧解决问题
35
exploit
剥削(v)
开发, 开采
exploit a mine开矿
to exploit the oil under the sea 开发海底石油
利用(v)
exploit every opportunity
利用每一个机会
36
express
表达, 表示
1.快速的；快递的
an express train
2.快车(= express train)；快递服务；快件服务
the No.12 special express to Beijing
开往北京的12 次特快
3.快速地；用快递方式地adv
to sent the parcel express 包裹寄快件
37
fair
公平的
（adj.）
(肤色)白皙的, (头发)金黄的(天气)晴朗的
fair skin.白皙的皮肤fair hair.金发
fair skies.晴朗的天空
集市商品展览会；商品交易会
village fair农村集市trade fair商品交易会
industrial fair工业博览会
adv公平地；公正诚实地
You must play fair.你必须公正处事。你必须公平比赛。
38
figure
数字, 人像；画像;图；图表
人物
the great figures of history 历史上的伟大人物
领会, 懂得
We must figure out how to solve the problem.
我们必须想出解决这个问题的办法。
I couldn't figure out who the lady with the sunglasses was.我想不出那位戴墨镜的夫人是谁。(figure out算出；了解)
He figured the whole scheme at once.
他马上就懂得了整个计划。
推测, 判断, 估计
I figure he'll be back soon.我估计他很快会回来。
foot
脚；英尺
2.步行
We'll foot it.我们将步行去。
frequent
频繁的
2.与...时常交往
I know him, but I don't frequent him much.
我认识他, 但不常往来。
39
game
比赛, 游戏, 竞赛, [复]运动会
猎物,野味（不可数）
Lions and elephants are called big game when they are hunted.被追捕的狮和象称为大猎物。
40
gift
赠品, 礼物,
天赋, 才能
He has a gift for poetry.他有做诗的天赋。
a man of many gifts 多才多艺的人
41
grade
等级；级别；年级
1.成绩；分数
He always got high grades in school.
他在学校里总是得高分。
2.分等，分级
to grade the cotton 给棉花分等
These apples have been graded according to size and quality.这些苹果已经按照大小和质量分了等级。
42
hold
拿着，握着召开，举行;
使身体保持某种姿势
Hold yourself still.身体不要动。
抑制；控制
to hold one's breath 屏住气
容纳；装
The room can hold twenty people.
这屋子可容下20个人。
How much water does the jug hold?那罐子能盛多少水?
占有；占据；坚守
to hold a position 坚守阵地
拥有，持有（金钱.土地.职位等）
hold an important position at the bank.在这家银行里担任一个重要的职务。My husband and I hold conflicting opinions on this matter."对于这件事,我和丈夫的意见相左。
保持；继续
"Hold the line, please."请不要挂断电话机!官网
Do you think the good weather can hold?
你认为好天气能持续下去吗?
认为，以为
I hold it for certain.我以为那是确实的。
We hold that no country should interfere in the internal affairs of other countries.我们认为一国不应干涉他国的内政。
hold … to be…
拘留，扣留
held the suspect for questioning.拘留嫌疑犯以待审讯
43
land
陆地; 土地，（使）登陆, （使）登岸,（使）着陆；
国家
war between lands国与国之间的战争
捕（鱼）
抓住或钓上（鱼）
land a big catfish.钓上一条大鲇鱼
（非正式）搞到，捞到，获得，取得
land a well-paid job; 找到一份收入很高的工作
land a contract with a Japanese firm
揽到一份与一家日本公司的合同
44
late
迟的, 晚(期)的(adj/ adv)
1.已故的
前任的
the late doctor已故的医生the late president前任总统the late government 上届政府his late wife 他已亡故的妻子
2.新近的，最近的
the late news最近的新闻the late earthquake最近的地震
3.不久前.新近（adv）
I saw Mr. Wang as late as yesterday.
就在昨天我还看见过王先生。
补充：1.of late近来feel better of late.最近感觉好多了2.latest（late的最高级）:在线体育 最后的.最近的.最新的latest newsat (the ) latest至迟.最迟3.later (on) 以后.后来
45
last
最后的，最末的; 紧接前面的；刚过去的(adj)
最后（的人.东西）；
最后，上次
1.vi.持续, 延续, 维持; 耐久
The festival lasted two days.节日持续了两天。
This cloth lasts well. 这种布很耐穿。
2.够用.使得以维持（vt）
The food will last us another week.
食品够我们再吃一星期。
3.最不可能的least likely or expected）；最不适当的，最不合适的（the least desirable or suitable）
the last person we would have suspected.
我们最不可能怀疑的人
the last man for the job.对这项工作最不合适的人
46
lead
领导，引导，
铅
1.通往（向）（to）
The path leads to the village.这条小路通到那村庄。
1. 导致（to）
lead to the thief being caught
2. 在比赛中）领先
After the first half of the race I was leading.
跑了一半赛程后我领先了
She was in the lead during the race.她在赛跑中领先。
3. 过（生活）
He led a hard life.他的日子过得很苦。
4. 榜样,带头
take the lead in everything
47
leave
离开, 动身;留下，把…（落）遗忘在某地；把…交付（委托）给
1.使…处于某种状态
leave the work undone丢下工作不干
leave him an orphan 使他成为孤儿
leave him sad 使他伤心
leave the raincoat hanging behind the door 让雨衣挂在门后leave sb.in the dark 不让某人知道
2.听任
leave him there让他呆在那里吧。
leave it as it is让它保持原样。
I will leave you to do as you like.你爱做什么就做什么。
3.准[休]假, 假期(不可数)
ask for leave请假
ask for two days’ leave(take two days off)请两天假
be on leave 在度假；在假期中
grant / give sb a leave准某人的假（此处冠词为特殊用法）
48
lift
举起,.升高, 提高; [英]电梯;吊车
1.免费搭乘，搭便车
He gave me a lift to the station in his car.
他让我搭他的汽车去火车站。
2.窃取（尤指小件物品）；抄袭，从已发表的东西上照抄.剽取(观点.文章等)
He was caught lifting make-up in the supermarket.
Many of his ideas were lifted from other authors.
他的许多见解都是从其他作家那里剽窃来的。
49
line
绳；线，路线，线路; 排，列(n)；(使)排列，排队（v）
1. 运输公司
an airline航空公司
a shipping line 海运公司
(pl) 台词
spend the weekend learning her lines.
利用周末熟记她的台词
短信；便条
I'll drop you a line.我会留个便条给你
50
lesson
功课, (一节)课, [pl.]课程
教训
teach sb.a lesson给某人以教训
earn one's lesson得到教训
be a lesson to对...是一个教训
51
live
生活, 居住,
实况地, 实况转播的,
adj.活的
live animals.活着的动物
live shrimps活虾
live 表此意仅用于修饰动物.家禽.鱼等。
live broadcast 现场直播
52
major
较大的，主要的,重要的
[美口]主修, 专攻
He majors in physics.他主修物理。
专业学生
He is a history major.他是主修历史的学生
大学主修科目
53
manner
态度, 举方法; 方式;样子；(艺术.文学的)风格, 手法
[pl.]礼貌, 规矩
It’s good manners to do sth干…有礼
It’s bad manners to do sth.干…没礼
Mind your manners.注意礼貌。
54
mass
块；团；堆大多数, 大量
1.群众
the masses群众, 民众
2.群众的, 大规模的
mass education大众教育；
mass production.大规模生产
补充：a mass of = masses of）许多/大量…
55
match
比赛 ，火柴
1. 匹配.匹
敌（vi / vt）
The color of the shirt does not match that of the coat.衬衫的颜色与上衣不相配。The curtains do not match with the decoration.窗帘与室内装璜不相配。I'm ready to match my strength with [against] yours.我准备和你较量较量。These two are well matched in strength.他们俩势均力敌。
2.对手; 相似的人[物], 相配的人[物]
You are no match for him.你不是他的对手。find [meet] one's match 遇到对手, 棋逢对手best match最佳匹配The blue shirt and gray tie are a good match.蓝衬衫与灰领带很谐调。
补充：strike a match 划一根火柴
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matter
事件, 问题
1.物质(不可数)
Matter exists in three states: solid, liquid and gas.
物质以三种状态存在: 固态.液态和气态。
2.[pl.]事态,情况
That’s how matters stand.目前情况就是这样。
3.有问题的，有毛病的（与the 连用）
I have no idea what is the matter.
There is nothing the matter with it.
(the matter = wrong)
4.有关系, 有重要性，要紧（vi）
What matters most is that you should have confidence in yourself.
补充： as a matter of fact ; a matter of time
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mean
意思是.意味着; 意欲/想要；意指
吝啬的；小气的;卑鄙的
be mean with money花钱小气be mean about/ over在…方面很小气a mean motive.卑鄙的动机
（因能力.命运等）注定
I believe he is meant to be a soldier.
我相信他天生是要当军人的。
用意(v)
He means ill /well to me.他对我怀有好意/ 恶意.
关系重大;重要
My friends mean a lot to me.
我的朋友对我来说非常重要。
方法.手段（means,单复数同形）
Every means has been tried,
All means have been tried.
by means of ….； by this / these means
1.be meant to必须；得要
You are meant to leave a tip.你得留下小费。
2.by all means当然；当然可以
3.by no means并没有；绝不：
By no means should this remark be taken lightly.
这次讲话绝不能等闲视之
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measure
尺寸, 量度的单位; 量具；量器;测量,
1. 措施；办法
They took strong measures against dangerous drivers.
他们对危害公众的司机采取强硬的措施。
take measures to do sth / about sth
2.斟酌, 权衡
She works hard and doesn't measure the cost to her health.她工作勤恳并不考虑身体代价。
He measures his words with caution.他仔细斟酌着字
The room measures five metres across.这房间有五米宽。
be measured in feet用英尺量
make sth to one’s own measure
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monitor
班长
监听器, 监视器,监控器; 〈计〉显示器
air monitor空气监测器
监控(v)
monitor an examination监考monitor the enemy's radio broadcasts监听敌方的电台广播
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must
必须
肯定
必需的东西；必须做的事
warm clothes are a must in the mountains.
住山里必须备有厚衣服。
61
nail
指甲, 钉,钉子
vt.钉, 将...钉牢
He nailed the picture to the wall.把画钉在墙上。
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narrow
狭窄的；狭隘的vi变窄vt.使变狭窄, 使缩小
勉强的；险胜的
a narrow victory 险胜
a narrow escape 死里逃生/侥幸逃脱
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nature
自然,
自然界
本性, 天性; 特性
good nature好心肠, 温和的性格, 好脾气
human nature人性
64
note
笔记；记录
注释；短笺；便条;纸币；钞票;音调；音符
口气；调子
记下
The pupil noted what the teacher said.
学生记下了老师的话。
注意(到)
Please note that this bill must be paid within 10 days.
请注意这张账单必须在10天之内付清。
名望, 显要
a man of note有名望的人, 名人
补充：noted adj.著名的compare notes交换意见;对笔记；交流经验；交换意见
of note著名的；重要的
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object
物体, 目标, 宾语,对象
反对(与to连用)
strongly object to developing private cars.强烈反对发展私人小汽车。object to the proposal.反对这个提议。The general public objects to the use of drugs.大众反对使用毒品。
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operate
动手术, 开刀(operate on sb/ sth)
操作
operate a computer / machine
(机器)工作.运转
The lift doesn’t operate properly.
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order
命令; 吩咐；次序;秩序；整齐，有条不紊
定购;预定
order sth by mail order books by telephone
You'd better order a taxi.
你最好还是去预定一辆出租汽车。
点（菜）；叫（菜）
正常(工作)状态,
What drinks shall we order?
我们叫什么饮料？
The telephone's out of order.电话机坏了。in (good) order
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owe
欠， 欠债
1.感恩；感激
We owe our parents a lot.我们十分感激父母。
I owe you for your help.我感谢你的帮助。
2.（常与to连用）归功于
She owes her success to good luck.她把成功归功于幸运。The young writer owed his success to his teacher's encouragement.
年轻作家把自己的成功归于他老师的鼓励。
The food cost ￡4 , but I only paid ￡3 so I still owe￡1.食品要4英镑，可我只付了3英镑，因此我还欠1英镑。
I owe you an apology.我该向你道歉。
owe sb. some money
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park
（演讲.文章.音乐等的）一节，一段
1.停放（车辆）；停车
Please park your car in the parking lot and hike in."请把车停在外面停车场,步行进去。"
No permission to park!不准停车!
No parking here.此处禁止停车。
2.停车场
car park停(汽)车处
3.区，地区
industrial park工业区(一般在郊区)
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passage
（演讲.文章.音乐等的）一节，一段
1.通行；通过
The wooden bridge is not strong enough to allow the passage of lorries.
这座木桥不够坚固,载重货车不能通行。
2.（狭窄的）通道；走廊
wait in the passage 在走廊等候
air passage气路, 空气道
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perform
表演；演（剧）
履行, 执行，完成
perform one's duties/promise/contract
履行职责/诺言/合同
perform a task 完成/执行一项任务
表现
He performs well.他表现很好。
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picnic
(自带食品的)野餐,郊游
去郊游, 去野餐
My family often picnicked in the woods last year.(注意picnic的过去式与过去分词以及现在分词的构成：picnicked/ picnicking)
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